BROADWAY AVENUE
Broadway Avenue is similar
to Audubon Avenue - both are large to immense, mostly breakdown-filled canyon
passages at Mammoth Cave's level B (both have >80' worth of unlithified
material filling the passages). Broadway Avenue extends to the southeast
from the Rotunda Room. It ends at the intersection with Gothic
Avenue. At this point, the main southeast-trending cave passage drops in
elevation a bit. That's the beginning of the Main Cave.
The limestone walls of
Broadway Avenue between the Rotunda and the Methodist Church have often been
referred to as the Kentucky Cliffs. The lower Girkin Limestone makes up
the ceiling and upper walls while the lower cave walls consist of upper Ste.
Genevieve Limestone.
Four regular cave tours take
visitors through Broadway Avenue: “Historic Tour”, “River Styx Tour”, “Star
Chamber Tour”, and “Violet City Tour”.
In early days, numerous bats
could be seen in Broadway Avenue, just southeast of the Rotunda. Modern
bat populations are highly reduced in comparison.
Heading southeastward from
the Rotunda, along the Kentucky Cliffs and toward the upstream direction of the
ancient underground river, the entrance to the Corkscrew is encountered
along the northeastern cave wall, well above floor level. The Corkscrew
was an early shortcut down to or up from River Hall, which leads further down
to the modern water table & the modern underground river. Modern
public cave tours don't use the Corkscrew. During after-hours times, some
current cave employees get the chance to experience the unique adventure that
the name “Corkscrew” implies.
Corkscrew Entrance/Exit (looking ~NE) (from an old
postcard; original photo by Benjamin Hains) - tour group descending from the
Corkscrew entrance along Broadway Avenue.
The Corkscrew has been
described as a domepit mostly filled with limestone breakdown or as a twisted,
steep, narrow canyon passage mostly filled with limestone debris. The
earliest visitors climbed and crawled through the Corkscrew. Step-ladders
were installed afterward.
The following descriptions
from early Mammoth Cave literature helps one appreciate this feature: “The
Corkscrew is an intricate web of fissures. . . “ and “[The Corkscrew] is a gap
in the wall into which you can scramble and make your way down a chaotic gulf,
creeping like a rat, under and among loose rocks, to the depth of 80 or 90 feet
- provided you do not break your neck before you get half-way.”
Corkscrew (from Hovey & Call,
1912)
Methodist Church (looking ~SW) (from an old
postcard) - just southeast of the Corkscrew entrance, Broadway Avenue
intersects with Archibald Avenue, a gigantic, mostly debris-filled canyon
passage. Archibald Avenue is the downstream continuation of Gothic Avenue.
This intersection is called the Methodist Church. Church services
were sometimes held in this room in early days. Attendees were likely
attracted by the novelty of underground services, the coolness of the cave
during hot summers, the warmness of the cave during cold winters, and the
potentially emotionally-moving acoustics.
Breakdown-filled
Archibald Avenue is behind & to the right of the photographer.
Broadway Avenue extends to the right & left of the old wooden tulip poplar
pipes from the 1810s saltpetre mining operation.
Notice the curved edge of
eroded limestone beds in the ceiling of Methodist Church. The pattern
indicates original underground river flow direction.
The earliest river flow
direction at this locality was from Archibald Avenue toward Broadway Avenue
(into the photograph & to the right in the distance), and onward toward the
Rotunda. After that, Archibald Avenue was bypassed, and the river's flow
direction was along Broadway Avenue only (again heading to the right in the
distance, toward the Rotunda).
Girkin Limestone occurs at
the ceiling & upper walls of Methodist Church. The Ste. Genevieve
Limestone occurs along the lower walls.
Broadway Avenue (looking NW) - the viewer
is facing toward the old downstream direction when an underground river used to
be here (when level B was flooded). The river flowed to the NW toward the
Rotunda Room.
Approximately the upper half
of Broadway Avenue's walls has rocks of the lower Girkin Limestone. The
lower half of the walls has upper Ste. Genevieve Limestone beds. The
ceiling tends to be moderately smooth & flat, water-worn limestone bedding
planes.
Wooden Pipeline - hollowed-out tulip poplar
tree trunks near the Methodist Church. These were used to pipe water to a
2nd set of saltpetre leaching vats.
Saltpetre Leaching Vat - this 1810s wooden
structure is part of a 2nd set of saltpetre leaching vats (“hoppers”) located
at the intersection of Broadway Avenue & Gothic Avenue. The 1st set
of leaching vats is in the Rotunda Room. Additional piles of leached cave
dirt occur in the vicinity of the 2nd set of vats.
Gothic Avenue & Booth's
Amphitheater (looking ~SE) (from an old postcard; original photograph by Ray Scott
& J.W. Young) - Broadway Avenue starts at the Rotunda and ends here, at the
intersection with Gothic Avenue (the cave passage at the top of the
stairs). The Girkin Limestone-Ste. Genevieve Limestone contact is a
little above the top of the stairs.